梅毒淋病等性传播疾病在欧洲国家死灰复燃，原因是…（组图）

随着医学的发展，人们越来越相信，许多过去令人闻风丧胆的性传播疾病，如今已变得可以战胜。人们对许多性病的恐惧、敬畏、羞耻感已逐渐消失。不过，依然有一些“过时的”疾病死灰复燃、卷土重来……

（图 via Getty Images）

据《今日俄罗斯》报道，由于人们对艾滋病的恐惧逐渐消除，以及约会软件的流行等原因，梅毒如今在欧洲大陆死灰复燃，已不再是一种“过去的疾病”。

The spread of syphilis in Europe is intensifying due to worrying trends in human behavior, the head of the HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections and viral hepatitis program at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Andrew Amato-Gauci, told RT.

欧洲疾病预防与控制中心(ECDC)艾滋病、性传播感染和病毒性肝炎项目负责人Andrew Amato-Gauci告诉《今日俄罗斯》，由于令人担忧的人类行为趋势，梅毒在欧洲的传播正在加剧。

Various factors play into the outbreak, such as “people having sex without condoms, multiple sexual partners and a reduced fear of acquiring HIV from condomless sex,” he said.

他说，导致梅毒爆发的因素有很多，比如“人们在没有安全套的情况下发生性行为，有多个性伴侣，以及人们对通过无安全套的性行为感染艾滋病毒的恐惧降低”。

▲Europe faces ‘looming syphilis epidemic’ thanks to dating apps and reduced fear of HIV (via RT)

（图 via Getty Images）

欧洲疾病预防与控制中心的一份新的报告显示，在2010年和2017年间，欧盟确诊的梅毒病例飙升了70％。

Certain countries have seen a surge of the sexually-transmitted disease, with Iceland ultimately becoming the ‘leader’, as the number of cases has grown by 876 percent there. Ireland follows with 224 percent growth, while Britain and Germany have both seen their syphilis rates more than double.

某些国家的性传播疾病激增，冰岛最终成为“领头羊”，该国的病例数量增长了876%。爱尔兰紧随其后，性传播疾病增长了224%，而英国和德国的梅毒发病率都增长了一倍多。

According to the ECDC, “men having sex with men” (MSM) made up around two-third of the cases reported between 2007 and 2017, where sexual orientation was known. Heterosexual men constitute 23 percent of the cases, and women, 15 percent.

根据欧洲疾病预防与控制中心的数据，在2007年至2017年间，性取向明确的“男男性行为”(MSM)约占报告病例的三分之二。异性恋男性占报告病例的的23%，女性占15%。

▲Europe faces ‘looming syphilis epidemic’ thanks to dating apps and reduced fear of HIV (via RT)

由于冰岛的梅毒和衣原体病例激增，冰岛的流行病学家甚至建议在冰岛的学校分发避孕套。

Negligence towards safe sex by Icelanders and the visits by many foreigners have led to the country having the highest rate of syphilis and chlamydia in Europe, its top medic said, urging drastic measures to curb the crisis.

冰岛最高医疗官员表示，由于冰岛人对安全性行为的忽视，以及许多外国人的到访，该国的梅毒和衣原体感染率居欧洲之首，他们敦促采取严厉措施遏制这一危机。

Iceland's chief epidemiologist Thorolfur Gudnason suggested that condoms should be distributed in Icelandic schools.

冰岛首席流行病学家Thorolfur Gudnason建议，在冰岛学校分发避孕套。

"There are a lot of people against this idea, many parents. But we need to have a thorough discussion about this and to do everything we can to stop the spread of these diseases, which can get very serious."

“有很多人反对这个想法，尤其是很多家长。但是我们需要对此进行彻底的讨论，尽我们所能阻止这些疾病的传播，这些疾病可能会变得非常严重。”

▲Iceland needs condoms in SCHOOLS: Doctor raises alarm on syphilis & chlamydia outbreak (via RT)

（图 via AFP）

另据BBC报道，2018年，英国新增性传播感染病例447694例，比2017年的422147例增加了5%。

Gonorrhoea increased the most - by 26% to 56,259 cases, the largest number since 1978.

淋病病例增加最多，达到56259例，增幅26%，为1978年以来的最高水平。

There were 7,541 cases of syphilis - a 5% increase on 2017.

梅毒病例7541例，比2017年增加5%。

The most commonly diagnosed STIs were:

最常见的性病是:

• chlamydia (218,095 cases, 49% of all new STI diagnoses)

• genital warts (57,318 cases, 13%)

• gonorrhoea (56,259 cases, 13%)

• genital herpes (33,867 cases, 8%)

衣原体(218095例，占所有新增性病病例的49%)

生殖器疣(57318例，13%)

淋病(56259例，13%)

生殖器疱疹(33867例，8%)

▲Sex diseases on the rise in England(via BBC)

（图 via BBC）

据BBC报道，淋病不会通过马桶座圈或共用浴缸或毛巾传播，但这种细菌感染可以通过无保护措施的性行为在人与人之间传播。

不过，Amato-Gauci说，越来越多的人忽视避孕套的使用，这并不是导致梅毒病例激增的唯一原因。

There are reports that dating apps like Tinder and Grindr also contribute to the spread of the disease. Amato-Gauci pointed out that these services “may facilitate more sexual encounters, and with that transmission of STI [sexually-transmitted infections] like syphilis.” At the same time, different apps can be used for promoting disease prevention among users, he noted.

有报道称，像Tinder和Grindr这样的交友软件，也助长这种疾病的传播。Amato-Gauci指出，这些服务“可能会促进更多的性接触，以及性病的传播，比如梅毒”。与此同时，他指出，一些不同的的app也可以拿来宣传疾病预防（的知识），在用户中推广。

To reverse the spread of syphilis, the countries need to encourage people to use condoms “consistently,” as well as developing better screening and education programs, Amato-Gauci said.

Amato-Gauci说，为了扭转梅毒的传播，各国需要鼓励人们“始终如一”地使用避孕套，同时发展更好的筛查和教育项目。

▲Europe faces ‘looming syphilis epidemic’ thanks to dating apps and reduced fear of HIV (via RT)

（图 via Johannes Schmitt-Tegge / Global Look Press）

此外，专家还指出，另一个令人不安的趋势是，发达国家先天性梅毒的发病率也显著上升。

Lorenzo Giacani, associate professor in the Departments of Medicine and Global Health at the University of Washington, told RT that the resurgence of syphilis in developed countries requires a robust response.

华盛顿大学医学和全球健康系副教授洛伦佐·贾卡尼告诉《今日俄罗斯》，梅毒在发达国家的卷土重来需要强有力的应对措施。

Among the most troubling trends in developed nations, he noted a “significant rise” in congenital syphilis rates, which means a greater number of cases in which the disease is transmitted to the fetus during gestation.

他指出，在发达国家，最令人不安的趋势之一就是，先天性梅毒的发病率“显著上升”，这意味着更多的梅毒病例会在妊娠期间传播给胎儿。

There is currently no vaccine for syphilis, but several research groups are working on developing one, including Giacani’s. He believes that “more could be done” by various European countries to develop it and study the problem.

目前还没有针对梅毒的疫苗，但是包括贾卡尼小组在内的几个研究小组正在研制疫苗。他认为，欧洲各国在开发和研究这个问题上，“还可以做得更多”。

▲Europe faces ‘looming syphilis epidemic’ thanks to dating apps and reduced fear of HIV (via RT)

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